1-Digit Subtraction Word Problems

Ages 5–7 · 24 minutes · Math

Intro to word problems using 1-digit subtraction

An introduction to word problems involving 1-digit subtraction. If a student can subtract small numbers, they are ready for this introduction to word problems. If they have never seen word problems before, consider starting with the 1-Digit Addition Word Problems lesson.

Part of

Arithmetic Word Problems

Standards alignment

Common Core State Standards

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.

Alabama

MA19.K.8 — Represent addition and subtraction up to 10 with concrete objects, fingers, pennies, mental images, drawings, claps or other sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
MA19.K.9 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, by using concrete objects or drawings to represent the problem.
MA19.1.1 — Use addition and subtraction to solve word problems within 20 by using concrete objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
MA19.K.12 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
MA19.1.1d — Compare quantities, with difference unknown, bigger unknown, and smaller unknown while solving word problems within 20.

Alaska

1.OA.1 — Use addition and subtraction strategies to solve word problems (using numbers up to 20), involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, using a number line (e.g., by using objects, drawings and equations). Record and explain using equation symbols and a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.OA.2 — Add or subtract whole numbers to 10 (e.g., by using objects or drawings to solve word problems).
1.OA.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps) acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Arizona

K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems and add and subtract within 10. See Table 1.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems with unknowns in all positions (e.g., by using objects, drawings, and/or equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem). See Table 1.
1.OA.C.6 — Fluently add and subtract within 10.
K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction concretely. See Table 1.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

Arkansas

K.CAR.1. — Use objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, or verbal explanations to represent addition and subtraction from 0 to 10.
K.CAR.5 — Solve real-world problems involving addition and subtraction within 10, using objects, drawings, or equations to represent the problem.
1.CAR.6 — Solve real-world problems involving addition and subtraction within 20. • Problem types include: adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing with unknowns present throughout the addition and subtraction problem.
K.CAR.4 — Use manipulatives and various strategies to fluently add and subtract within 10.

California

1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
2.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 100 to solve one- and two-step word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.

Connecticut

1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.

Delaware

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

Florida

MA.1.AR.1.2 — Solve addition and subtraction real-world problems using objects, drawings or equations to represent the problem.
MA.K.AR.1.3 — Solve addition and subtraction real-world problems using objects, drawings or equations to represent the problem.
MA.K.NSO.3.2 — Add two one-digit whole numbers with sums from 0 to 10 and subtract using related facts with procedural reliability.
MA.2.AR.1.1 — Solve one- and two-step addition and subtraction real-world problems.

Georgia

K.NR.5.2 — Represent addition and subtraction within 10 from a given authentic situation using a variety of representations and strategies.
K.NR.5.3 — Use a variety of strategies to solve addition and subtraction problems within 10.
1.NR.2.1 — Use a variety of strategies to solve addition and subtraction problems within 20.
1.NR.2.4 — Fluently add and subtract within 10 using a variety of strategies.
K.NR.5 — Explain the concepts of addition, subtraction, and equality and use these concepts to solve real-life problems within 10.

Hawaii

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

Idaho

1.OA.A.1 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 20 involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, by using physical, visual, and symbolic representations.
K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction of two whole numbers within ten. Use objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
1.MP.4 — Model with mathematics.
1.OA.C.6 — Demonstrate fluency for addition and subtraction within ten, use strategies to add and subtract within 20.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems within ten by using physical, visual, and symbolic representations.

Illinois

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.

Indiana

K.CA.1 — Solve real-world problems that involve addition and subtraction within 10 using modeling with objects or drawings. (E)
1.CA.2 — Solve real-world problems involving addition and subtraction within 20 in situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all parts of the addition or subtraction problem (e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem). (E)

Iowa

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction situations in a variety of ways. For example, with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Add and subtract within 10 and solve word problems involving the different problem types listed below. For example, by using objects or drawings to represent the problem. • Add-to with result unknown. • Take-from with result unknown. • Put-together/take-apart with total unknown. • Put-together with both addends unknown. (See Problem Types Table 1 in Appendix A)
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving the problem types listed below, with unknowns in all positions, by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem. • Adding to. • Taking from. • Putting together. • Taking apart. • Comparing. (See Problem Types Table 1 in Appendix A)
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting forward and backward to addition and subtraction, add or subtract 1 or 2.

Kansas

K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g. claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, (e.g. by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.)
1.OA.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, (e.g. by using objects, drawings, and situation equations and/or solution equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.)
1.OA.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g. by counting on 2 to add 2, counting back 1 to subtract 1).
K.OA.5 — Fluently (efficiently, accurately, and flexibly) add and subtract within 5.

Kentucky

KY.K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
KY.K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems and add and subtract within 10 by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
KY.1.OA.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart and comparing, with unknowns in all positions.
KY.1.OA.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction.

Louisiana

1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, (e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem).
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Maine

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, (e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem).
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, (e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

Maryland

1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.

Massachusetts

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations (number sentences) with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

Michigan

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

Minnesota

1.2.2.1 — Represent real-world situations involving addition and subtraction basic facts, using objects and number sentences. For example: One way to represent the number of toys that a child has left after giving away 4 of 6 toys is to begin with a stack of 6 connecting cubes and then break off 4 cubes.
1.2.2.4 — Use addition or subtraction basic facts to represent a given problem situation using a number sentence. For example: 5 + 3 = 8 could be used to represent a situation in which 5 red balloons are combined with 3 blue balloons to make 8 total balloons.
1.1.2.1 — Use words, pictures, objects, length-based models (connecting cubes), numerals and number lines to model and solve addition and subtraction problems in part-part-total, adding to, taking away from and comparing situations.
K.1.2.1 — Use objects and draw pictures to find the sums and differences of numbers between 0 and 10.

Mississippi

1.OA.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction, in which all parts and whole of the problem are within 10, with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations,verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10 involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together and taking apart with unknowns in all positions by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
K.OA.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.

Missouri

1.RA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve problems.
1.RA.C.8 — Demonstrate fluency with addition and subtraction within 10.
K.RA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction within 10.

Montana

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems from a variety of cultural contexts, including those of Montana American Indians, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems within a cultural context, including those of Montana American Indians, involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.

Nebraska

1.N.5.f — Solve authentic problems involving addition and subtraction within 20 in situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all parts of the addition or subtraction problem by using objects, drawings, and/or equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.N.4.e — Solve authentic problems that involve addition and subtraction within 10 (e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations to represent the problem).
1.N.4.b — Efficiently, flexibly, and accurately add and subtract within 10.
K.N.4.a — Represent and explain addition and subtraction as part-whole relationships, with addition as putting together and/or adding to and subtraction as taking apart and/or taking from, using objects, drawings, numbers, and equations.

Nevada

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

New Hampshire

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

New Jersey

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction up to 10 with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings , sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

New Mexico

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

New York

NY-K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction using objects, fingers, pennies, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, equations, or other strategies.
NY-K.OA.2.a — Add and subtract within 10.
NY-K.OA.2.b — Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10.
NY-1.OA.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve one step word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and/or comparing, with unknowns in all positions.
NY-PK.OA.1 — Explore addition and subtraction by using objects, fingers, and responding to real world situations.

North Carolina

NC.K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction, within 10: • Use a variety of representations such as objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, or expressions. • Demonstrate understanding of addition and subtraction by making connections among representations.
NC.K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, within 10, using objects or drawings to represent the problem, when solving: • Add to/Take From-Result Unknown • Put Together/ Take Apart (Total Unknown and Two Addends Unknown)
NC.1.OA.1 — Represent and solve addition and subtraction word problems, within 20, with unknowns, by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem, when solving: • Add to/Take from-Change Unknown • Put together/Take Apart-Addend Unknown • Compare-Difference Unknown
NC.1.OA.9 — Demonstrate fluency with addition and subtraction within 10.

North Dakota

K.AR.OA.5 — Solve authentic word problems with subtraction by taking apart or taking from within 10.
1.AR.OA.1 — Automatically add and subtract within 10.
1.AR.OA.5 — Solve authentic word problems with subtraction, including unknowns, within 20.
K.AR.OA.4 — Solve authentic word problems with addition by putting together or adding to within 10.
K-2.MA.P — Learners can identify and use strategies to problem-solve situations and determine an appropriate solution.

Ohio

1.OA.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds such as claps, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations. Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem.
K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction problems (written or oral), and add and subtract within 10 by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction, e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2.
K.OA.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.

Oklahoma

1.N.2 — Solve addition and subtraction problems with sums and minuends of up to 10 in real-world and mathematical contexts.
1.N.2.1 — Represent and solve problems using addition and subtraction with sums and minuends of up to 10.
K.N.2 — Develop conceptual understanding with addition and subtraction (up to 10) using objects and pictures.
1.N.2.3 — Demonstrate fluency with basic facts of addition and subtraction with sums and minuends of up to 10.

Oregon

1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve and represent problems in authentic contexts involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions.
K.OA.A.2 — Add and subtract within 10. Model authentic contexts and solve problems that use addition and subtraction within 10.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction.
K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition as putting together and adding to and subtraction as taking apart and taking from using objects, drawings, physical expressions, numbers or equations.

Pennsylvania

CC.2.2.K.A.1 — Extend the concepts of putting together and taking apart to add and subtract within 10.
CC.2.2.1.A.1 — Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction within 20.

Rhode Island

1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations (number sentences) with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
1.OA.C.6 — Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use mental strategies such as counting on; making 10 (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14); decomposing a number leading to a 10 (e.g., 13 – 4 = 13 – 3 – 1 = 10 – 1 = 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows 12 – 8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 + 7 by creating the known equivalent 6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13).

South Carolina

K.ATO.1 — Model situations that involve addition and subtraction within 10 using objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, and equations.
K.ATO.2 — Solve real-world/story problems using objects and drawings to find sums up to 10 and differences within 10.
1.ATO.1 — Solve real-world/story problems using addition (as a joining action and as a part-part-whole action) and subtraction (as a separation action, finding parts of the whole, and as a comparison) through 20 with unknowns in all positions.
1.PS.2d — Connect the meaning of mathematical operations to the context of a given situation.
1.ATO.5 — Recognize how counting relates to addition and subtraction.

South Dakota

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems.
K.OA.A.2.a — Solve addition and subtraction word problems (within 10), involving result unknown problems, put together/take apart total unknown, and put together/take apart addend unknown, e.g., using objects or drawings to represent the problem. (see appendix for K-2 Common Addition and Subtraction Situations).
K.OA.A.2.b — Add and subtract within 10, eg., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Understand counting on as addition and counting back as subtraction e.g. 5, (6,7,8) means 5 + 3 and 5, (4,3,2) means 5-3.

Tennessee

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, drawings, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Add and subtract within 10 to solve contextual problems with result/total unknown involving situations of add to, take from, and put together/take apart. Use objects, drawings, or equations to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Add and subtract within 20 to solve contextual problems, with unknowns in all positions, involving situations of add to, take from, put together/take apart, and compare. Use objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem. NOTE: While start unknown situations may be introduced in first grade, they are not expected to be mastered until second grade.
K.OA.A.5 — Use mental strategies flexibly to develop fluency in addition and subtraction within 10.

Utah

K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, simple drawings, or sounds.For example, use clapping, act out situations, and use verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10. Use objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.MP.4 — Model with mathematics.
1.OA.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions. For example, use objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction. For example, by counting on 2 to add 2.

Vermont

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

Virginia

1.CE.1f — Represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step addition and subtraction problems (join, separate, and part-part-whole) within 20, including those in context, using words, objects, drawings, or numbers.
K.CE.1 — The student will model and solve single-step contextual problems using addition and subtraction with whole numbers within 10. Students will demonstrate the following Knowledge and Skills:
1.CE.1b — Demonstrate fluency with addition and subtraction within 10 by applying reasoning strategies (e.g., count on/count back, one more/one less, doubles, make ten).
K.CE.1f — Model and solve single-step contextual problems (join, separate, and part-part-whole) using 10 or fewer concrete objects.

Washington

1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Washington, D.C.

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).

West Virginia

M.1.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions (e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem).
M.K.9 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems and add and subtract within 10 by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
M.1.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2, by counting backwards 3 to subtract 3).
M.K.8 — Represent addition and subtraction with strategies using objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), and acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, and equations.

Wisconsin

M.K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, or numbers. Drawings need not show details but should show the mathematics in the problem.
M.K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
M.1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
M.1.OA.C.5 — Use counting and subitizing strategies to explain addition and subtraction. a. Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2). b. Use conceptual subitizing in unstructured arrangements with totals up to 10 and structured arrangements anchored to 5 or 10 (e.g., ten frames, double ten frames, math rack/rekenrek) with totals up to 20 to relate the compositions and decompositions to addition and subtraction.

Wyoming

1.OA.A.1 — Use addition and subtraction within 20 to solve word problems involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing, with unknowns in all positions, by using objects, drawings, or equations with a symbol for the unknown number to represent the problem.
K.OA.D.2 — Solve word problems using objects and drawings to find sums up to 10 and differences within 10.
1.OA.A — Represent and solve problems involving addition and subtraction.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction using strategies, such as, by counting on and back.
K.OA.D.1 — Model situations that involve representing addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.