Jupiter

Part of

• All About Outer Space

Standards alignment

Common Core State Standards

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• MS-PS2-4 — Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.

Alabama

• SC23.6.3 — Construct an evidence-based explanation of the role of gravity on the movement of natural and manmade objects within galaxies and the solar system.
• SC23.6.4 — Analyze and use data to determine scale properties and characteristics of objects in the solar system including sizes, distances, orbital periods, basic composition, and ability to support life.

Alaska

• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.
• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Arizona

• E2 — The Earth and our solar system are a very small part of one of many galaxies within the Universe.
• 5.P2U1.3 — Construct an explanation using evidence to demonstrate that objects can affect other objects even when they are not touching.
• 6.E2U1.7 — Use ratios and proportions to analyze and interpret data related to scale, properties, and relationships among objects in our solar system.

Arkansas

• The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center.

California

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.

Colorado

• ESS1.B — Earth and the Solar System: The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them. This model of the solar system can explain eclipses of the sun and the moon. Earth’s spin axis is fixed in direction over the short-term but tilted relative to its orbit around the sun. The seasons are a result of that tilt and are caused by the differential intensity of sunlight on different areas of Earth across the year. The solar system appears to have formed from a disk of dust and gas, drawn together by gravity.
• SC.MS.3.2 — The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, lunar phases, and seasons.
• SC.MS.3.2.a — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• SC.MS.3.2.b — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Connecticut

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Delaware

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• MS-PS2-4 — Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.

Florida

• SC.5.E.5.2 — Recognize the major common characteristics of all planets and compare/contrast the properties of inner and outer planets.
• SC.5.E.5.3 — Distinguish among the following objects of the Solar System -- Sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets -- and identify Earth's position in it.
• SC.6.P.13.2 — Explore the Law of Gravity by recognizing that every object exerts gravitational force on every other object and that the force depends on how much mass the objects have and how far apart they are.

Georgia

• S4E1.d — Evaluate strengths and limitations of models of our solar system in describing relative size, order, appearance and composition of planets and the sun.
• S4E1.c — Construct an explanation of the differences between stars and planets.

Hawaii

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.

Idaho

• The solar system consists of the Sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the Sun by its gravitational pull on them. (MS-ESS-1.2, MS-ESS-1.3)
• MS-ESS-1.3 — Students who demonstrate understanding can: Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• MS-PS-2.4 — Students who demonstrate understanding can: Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.
• MS-ESS-1.2 — Students who demonstrate understanding can: Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the orbital motions within galaxies and the solar system.

Illinois

• ESS1.B-M1 — The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• SPQ-E1 — Natural objects and/or observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large or from very short to very long time periods.

Indiana

• 5.ESS.1 — Analyze the scale of our solar system and its components: our solar system includes the sun, moon, seven other planets and their moons, and many other objects like asteroids and comets.
• 6.ESS.3 — Compare and contrast the Earth, its moon, and other planets in the solar system, including comets and asteroids. (Comparisons should be made in regard to size, surface features, atmospheric characteristics, and the ability to support life.)
• 6.ESS.1 — Describe the role of gravity and inertia in maintaining the regular and predictable motion of celestial bodies.

Iowa

• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.
• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Kansas

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.

Kentucky

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.
• 6-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Louisiana

• Obtain and combine information from books and other reliable media to explain phenomena.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• MS-PS2-4 — Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.

Maine

• Obtain and combine information from books and other reliable media to explain phenomena.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• MS-PS2-4 — Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.

Maryland

• DCI.ESS1.B.6-8.1 — The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• DCI.PS2.B.6-8.2 — Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.

Massachusetts

• 6.MS-PS2-4 — Use evidence to support the claim that gravitational forces between objects are attractive and are only noticeable when one or both of the objects have a very large mass.

Michigan

• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Minnesota

• 6E.2.1.1.1 — Analyze and interpret data to determine similarities and differences among features and processes occurring on solar system objects. (P: 4, CC: 3, CI: ESS1)
• 6E.3.1.1.1 — Develop and use scale models of solar system objects to describe the sizes of objects, the location of objects, and the motion of the objects; and include the role that gravity and inertia play in controlling that motion. (P: 2, CC: 3, CI: ESS1)

Mississippi

• E.5.8A.1 — Develop and use scaled models of Earth’s solar system to demonstrate the size, composition (i.e., rock or gas), location, and order of the planets as they orbit the Sun.
• E.2.8.3 — Observe and compare the details in images of the moon and planets using the perspective of the naked eye, telescopes, and data from space exploration.
• P.5.6.1 — Obtain and communicate information describing gravity's effect on an object.
• E.2.8.4 — With teacher support, gain an understanding that scientists are humans who use observations and experiments to learn about space. Obtain information from informational text or other media about scientists who have made important discoveries about objects in space (e.g., Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, George Ellery Hale, Jill Tarter) or the development of technologies (e.g., various telescopes and detection devices, computer modeling, and space exploration).

Missouri

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• 6-8.ESS1.A.3 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• 6-8.ESS1.B.1 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.

Montana

• MS-ESS1-2 — develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system;
• MS-ESS1-3 — analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system;
• MS-PS2-4 — construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the mass of interacting objects;

Nebraska

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• SC.5.11.3 — Gather and analyze data to communicate understanding of space systems: Earth’s stars and solar system.

Nevada

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.

New Hampshire

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

New Jersey

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

New Mexico

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

New York

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.

North Carolina

• ESS.3.1.1 — Use models to recognize that the Earth is part of a system called the solar system that includes the sun (a star), planets, and many moons, and that the Earth is the third planet from the sun.
• ESS.6.1.2 — Analyze and interpret data to compare the planets in our solar system in terms of: size and gravitational force relative to Earth, surface and atmospheric features, relative distance from the sun, and ability to support life.
• ESS.6.1.3 — Use models to explain how the gravitational forces of the Sun and planets impact the structure of our solar system.

North Dakota

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.

Ohio

• 5.ESS.1 — The solar system includes the sun and all celestial bodies that orbit the sun. Each planet in the solar system has unique characteristics.
• 5.ESS.2 — The sun is one of many stars that exist in the universe.

Oklahoma

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them. (8.ESS1.2, 8.ESS1.3)
• Although active geological processes, such as plate tectonics and erosion, have destroyed or altered most of the very early rock record on Earth. Other objects in the solar system, such as lunar rocks, asteroids, and meteorites, have changed little over years. Studying these objects can provide information about Earth's formations and early history. (ES.ESS1.6)

Pennsylvania

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• 3.3.6-8.B — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motion within galaxies and the solar system.
• 3.3.6-8.C — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Rhode Island

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.

South Dakota

• Using scientific ideas to ask questions and conduct investigations about cause and effect relationships pertaining to gravitational, electric and magnetic interactions.
• Explaining how gravity plays a role in the motions of galaxies and our solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Tennessee

• 3.ESS1.1 — Use data to categorize the planets in the solar system as inner or outer planets according to their physical properties.
• 5.ESS1.3 — Use data to categorize different bodies in our solar system including moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids according to their physical properties and motion.

Texas

• 3.8D — identify the planets in Earth's solar system and their position in relation to the Sun.
• 3.9B — identify the order of the planets in Earth's solar system in relation to the Sun.
• 6.11A — describe the physical properties, locations, and movements of the Sun, planets, moons, meteors, asteroids, and comets;
• 6.11B — understand that gravity is the force that governs the motion of our solar system; and

Utah

• 6.1.3 — Use computational thinking to analyze data and determine the scale and properties of objects in the solar system. Examples of scale could include size or distance. Examples of properties could include layers, temperature, surface features, or orbital radius. Data sources could include Earth and space-based instruments such as telescopes or satellites. Types of data could include graphs, data tables, drawings, photographs, or models. (ESS1.A, ESS1.B)
• 6.1.2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity and inertia in orbital motions of objects in our solar system. (ESS1.B)

Vermont

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.

Virginia

• 4.5.b — Planets have characteristics and a specific order in the solar system.
• 4.5.c — The sizes of the sun and planets can be compared to one another.

Washington

• The solar system consists of the sun and a collection of objects, including planets, their moons, and asteroids that are held in orbit around the sun by its gravitational pull on them.
• Gravitational forces are always attractive. There is a gravitational force between any two masses, but it is very small except when one or both of the objects have large mass—e.g., Earth and the sun.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Washington, D.C.

• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
• MS-PS2-4 — Construct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects.
• Obtain and combine information from books and other reliable media to explain phenomena.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.

West Virginia

• Investigating and explaining cause and effect
• S.6.14 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system. 5.6.15 Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.

Wisconsin

• The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, lunar phases, and seasons.
• Students recognize natural objects and observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large. They use standard units to measure and describe physical quantities such as mass, time, temperature, and volume.

Wyoming

• The solar system contains many varied objects held together by gravity. Solar system models explain and predict eclipses, lunar phases, and seasons.
• MS-ESS1-2 — Develop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
• MS-ESS1-3 — Analyze and interpret data to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.