Subtraction: Up to 5

Ages 4–7 · 8 minutes · Math

Learn to subtract small numbers up to 5

In this lesson, the student will be introduced to the concept of subtraction as taking away objects. They will practice subtraction while helping Kevin and Penny sort through costumes. They will learn about the minus sign, and they will get practice making subtraction equations.

Part of

Learn to Subtract

Standards alignment

Common Core State Standards

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Alabama

MA19.K.12 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
MA19.K.8 — Represent addition and subtraction up to 10 with concrete objects, fingers, pennies, mental images, drawings, claps or other sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
MA19.K.9 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, by using concrete objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Alaska

K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps) acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.5 — Fluently add and subtract numbers up to 5.
K.OA.2 — Add or subtract whole numbers to 10 (e.g., by using objects or drawings to solve word problems).
K.CC.5 — Count to answer "how many?" questions about as many as 20 things arranged in a line, a rectangular array or a circle, or as many as 10 things in a scattered configuration; given a number from 1-20, count out that many objects.

Arizona

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction concretely. See Table 1.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems and add and subtract within 10. See Table 1.

Arkansas

K.CAR.1. — Use objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, or verbal explanations to represent addition and subtraction from 0 to 10.
K.CAR.4 — Use manipulatives and various strategies to fluently add and subtract within 10.
K.CAR.5 — Solve real-world problems involving addition and subtraction within 10, using objects, drawings, or equations to represent the problem.
K.NPV.2 — Count a set of objects up to 20 using one-to-one correspondence, demonstrating that the last number stated indicates the number of objects in the set regardless of the arrangement.

California

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Colorado

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings (drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem), sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
P.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction in different ways, such as with fingers, objects, and drawings.
P.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction problems set in simple contexts. Add and subtract up to at least five to or from a given number to find a sum or difference up to 10.

Connecticut

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Delaware

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Florida

MA.K.AR.1.3 — Solve addition and subtraction real-world problems using objects, drawings or equations to represent the problem.
MA.K.NSO.3.1 — Explore addition of two whole numbers from 0 to 10, and related subtraction facts.
MA.K.AR.2.1 — Explain why addition or subtraction equations are true using objects or drawings.
MA.K.NSO.1.1 — Given a group of up to 20 objects, count the number of objects in that group and represent the number of objects with a written numeral. State the number of objects in a rearrangement of that group without recounting.

Georgia

K.NR.5.2 — Represent addition and subtraction within 10 from a given authentic situation using a variety of representations and strategies.
K.NR.5.4 — Fluently add and subtract within 5 using a variety of strategies to solve practical, mathematical problems.
K.NR.5 — Explain the concepts of addition, subtraction, and equality and use these concepts to solve real-life problems within 10.
K.NR.5.3 — Use a variety of strategies to solve addition and subtraction problems within 10.

Hawaii

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Idaho

K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within five, including zero.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems within ten by using physical, visual, and symbolic representations.
K.CC.B.5 — Given a group of up to 20 objects, count the number of objects in that group and state the number of objects in a rearrangement of that group without recounting. Given a verbal or written number from zero to 20, count out that many objects.

Illinois

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Indiana

K.CA.1 — Solve real-world problems that involve addition and subtraction within 10 using modeling with objects or drawings. (E)
K.NS.3 — Say the number names in standard order when counting objects, pairing each object with one and only one number name and each number name with one and only one object. Understand that the last number name said describes the number of objects counted and that the number of objects is the same regardless of their arrangement or the order in which they were counted. Count out the number of objects, given a number from 1 to 20. (E)

Iowa

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction situations in a variety of ways. For example, with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5 using efficient mental strategies. • Counting on. • Counting back. • Using the relationship between addition and subtraction. • Creating equivalent, but easier or known sums. By the end of kindergarten, flexibly, efficiently and accurately find all sums within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Add and subtract within 10 and solve word problems involving the different problem types listed below. For example, by using objects or drawings to represent the problem. • Add-to with result unknown. • Take-from with result unknown. • Put-together/take-apart with total unknown. • Put-together with both addends unknown. (See Problem Types Table 1 in Appendix A)
SMP2 — Reason abstractly and quantitatively.

Kansas

K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g. claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.5 — Fluently (efficiently, accurately, and flexibly) add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, (e.g. by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.)
K.CC.5 — Count to answer “how many?” up to 20 concrete or pictorial objects arranged in a line, a rectangular array, or a circle, or as many as 10 objects in a scattered configuration; given a number from 1 to 20, count out that many objects.

Kentucky

KY.K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
KY.K.OA.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
KY.K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems and add and subtract within 10 by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Louisiana

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.CC.B.5 — Count to answer "how many?" questions.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Maine

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5 including zero.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, (e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem).

Maryland

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
PK.OA.A.1 — Represent simple addition and subtraction problems with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, or verbal explanations, up to 5

Massachusetts

K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5, including zero.
PK.OA.A.1 — Use concrete objects to model real-world addition (putting together) and subtraction (taking away) problems up through five.
K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Michigan

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Minnesota

K.1.2.1 — Use objects and draw pictures to find the sums and differences of numbers between 0 and 10.
1.1.2.1 — Use words, pictures, objects, length-based models (connecting cubes), numerals and number lines to model and solve addition and subtraction problems in part-part-total, adding to, taking away from and comparing situations.
1.2.2.1 — Represent real-world situations involving addition and subtraction basic facts, using objects and number sentences. For example: One way to represent the number of toys that a child has left after giving away 4 of 6 toys is to begin with a stack of 6 connecting cubes and then break off 4 cubes.
1.2.2.4 — Use addition or subtraction basic facts to represent a given problem situation using a number sentence. For example: 5 + 3 = 8 could be used to represent a situation in which 5 red balloons are combined with 3 blue balloons to make 8 total balloons.

Mississippi

K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction, in which all parts and whole of the problem are within 10, with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations,verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10 involving situations of adding to, taking from, putting together and taking apart with unknowns in all positions by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Missouri

K.RA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction within 10.
K.RA.A.2 — Demonstrate fluency for addition and subtraction within 5.
K.NS.B.9 — Demonstrate that a number can be used to represent “how many” are in a set.

Montana

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems from a variety of cultural contexts, including those of Montana American Indians, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Nebraska

K.N.4 — Number and Algebraic Relationships: Students will understand and demonstrate the meaning of addition and subtraction.
K.N.4.a — Represent and explain addition and subtraction as part-whole relationships, with addition as putting together and/or adding to and subtraction as taking apart and/or taking from, using objects, drawings, numbers, and equations.
K.N.4.d — Efficiently, flexibly, and accurately add and subtract within 5.
K.N.4.e — Solve authentic problems that involve addition and subtraction within 10 (e.g., by using objects, drawings, and equations to represent the problem).

Nevada

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

New Hampshire

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

New Jersey

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction up to 10 with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings , sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Demonstrate fluency for addition and subtraction within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

New Mexico

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

New York

NY-K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction using objects, fingers, pennies, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, equations, or other strategies.
NY-K.OA.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
NY-K.OA.2.a — Add and subtract within 10.
NY-PK.OA.1 — Explore addition and subtraction by using objects, fingers, and responding to real world situations.

North Carolina

NC.K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction, within 10: • Use a variety of representations such as objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, or expressions. • Demonstrate understanding of addition and subtraction by making connections among representations.
NC.K.OA.5 — Demonstrate fluency with addition and subtraction within 5.
NC.K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, within 10, using objects or drawings to represent the problem, when solving: • Add to/Take From-Result Unknown • Put Together/ Take Apart (Total Unknown and Two Addends Unknown)
NC.K.CC.4 — Understand the relationship between numbers and quantities. • When counting objects, say the number names in the standard order, pairing each object with one and only one number name and each number name with one and only one object (one-to-one correspondence). • Recognize that the last number named tells the number of objects counted regardless of their arrangement (cardinality). • State the number of objects in a group, of up to 5 objects, without counting the objects (perceptual subitizing).

North Dakota

K.AR.OA.1 — Automatically add and subtract within 5.
K.AR.OA.5 — Solve authentic word problems with subtraction by taking apart or taking from within 10.
K.NO.CC.5 — Count and tell how many objects up to 20 are in an arranged pattern or up to 10 objects in a scattered configuration. Represent a quantity of up to 20 with a numeral.

Ohio

K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds such as claps, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations. Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem.
K.OA.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction problems (written or oral), and add and subtract within 10 by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Oklahoma

K.N.2 — Develop conceptual understanding with addition and subtraction (up to 10) using objects and pictures.
K.N.1.2 — Recognize that a number can be used to represent how many objects are in a set up to 10.
1.N.2.1 — Represent and solve problems using addition and subtraction with sums and minuends of up to 10.

Oregon

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition as putting together and adding to and subtraction as taking apart and taking from using objects, drawings, physical expressions, numbers or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5 with accurate, efficient, and flexible strategies.
1.OA.C.5 — Relate counting to addition and subtraction.
K.NCC.B.5 — Count to answer “how many?” questions using up to 20 objects arranged in a variety of configurations or as 10 objects in a scattered configuration. Given a number from 1-20, count out that many objects.

Pennsylvania

CC.2.2.K.A.1 — Extend the concepts of putting together and taking apart to add and subtract within 10.
CC.2.2.PreK.A.1 — Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
CC.2.1.PreK.A.2 — Count to tell the number of objects.
CC.2.1.K.A.2 — Apply one-to-one correspondence to count the number of objects.

Rhode Island

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5 including zero.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

South Carolina

K.ATO.1 — Model situations that involve addition and subtraction within 10 using objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, and equations.
K.ATO.5 — Add and subtract fluently within 5.
K.ATO.2 — Solve real-world/story problems using objects and drawings to find sums up to 10 and differences within 10.

South Dakota

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5. (See strategies chart on page 9.)
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems.
K.OA.A.2.a — Solve addition and subtraction word problems (within 10), involving result unknown problems, put together/take apart total unknown, and put together/take apart addend unknown, e.g., using objects or drawings to represent the problem. (see appendix for K-2 Common Addition and Subtraction Situations).

Tennessee

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, drawings, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.2 — Add and subtract within 10 to solve contextual problems with result/total unknown involving situations of add to, take from, and put together/take apart. Use objects, drawings, or equations to represent the problem.

Texas

K.3A — model the action of joining to represent addition and the action of separating to represent subtraction;
K.3B — solve word problems using objects and drawings to find sums up to 10 and differences within 10; and
K.2C — count a set of objects up to at least 20 and demonstrate that the last number said tells the number of objects in the set regardless of their arrangement or order;
K.3C — explain the strategies used to solve problems involving adding and subtracting within 10 using spoken words, concrete and pictorial models, and number sentences.

Utah

K.OA.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, simple drawings, or sounds.For example, use clapping, act out situations, and use verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.5 — Fluently add and subtract using numbers within 5.
K.MP.4 — Model with mathematics.
K.OA.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems within 10. Use objects or drawings to represent the problem.
K.CC.5 — Use counting to answer questions about "how many." For example, 20 or fewer objects arranged in a line, a rectangular array, or circle; 10 or fewer objects in a scattered configuration. Using a number from 1–20, count out that many objects.

Vermont

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.
K.CC.C.6 — Identify whether the number of objects in one group is greater than, less than, or equal to the number of objects in another group, e.g., by using matching and counting strategies.

Virginia

K.CE.1 — The student will model and solve single-step contextual problems using addition and subtraction with whole numbers within 10. Students will demonstrate the following Knowledge and Skills:
K.CE.1f — Model and solve single-step contextual problems (join, separate, and part-part-whole) using 10 or fewer concrete objects.
1.CE.1h — Identify and use (+) as a symbol for addition and (-) as a symbol for subtraction.
K.CE.1a — Use objects, drawings, words, or numbers to compose and decompose numbers less than or equal to 5 in multiple ways.

Washington

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Washington, D.C.

K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.A.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

West Virginia

M.K.12 — Fluently (efficiently, flexibly, and accurately) add and subtract within 5 using various strategies.
M.K.8 — Represent addition and subtraction with strategies using objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), and acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, and equations.
M.K.9 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems and add and subtract within 10 by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Wisconsin

M.K.OA.A.1 — Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, or numbers. Drawings need not show details but should show the mathematics in the problem.
M.K.OA.A.5 — Flexibly and efficiently add and subtract within 5 using mental images and composing or decomposing numbers up to 5.
M.K.OA.A.2 — Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.

Wyoming

K.OA.D — Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from.
K.OA.D.1 — Model situations that involve representing addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.
K.OA.D.5 — Fluently add and subtract within 5.
K.OA.D.2 — Solve word problems using objects and drawings to find sums up to 10 and differences within 10.